Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician and physicist, c 1725.

UNITED KINGDOM - JUNE 28: Drawn by G M Brighty after an engraving by George Romney, based on an original oil painting by John Vanderbank. Newton (1642-1727) graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1665, becoming Lucasian Professor of Mathematics there in 1669. His theories, published in his treatise �The Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy� in 1687, exerted a huge influence on science. They included the three laws of motion, the theory of gravitation and the law of cooling. As a mathematican, Newton also discovered the binomial theorem and differential calculus. His work was unique, pointing physics in a new direction and giving mathematical expression to physical phenomena. Published by C G Dyer of Compton Street, London on 1 August 1817. (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)